10/14/2020 Linux Generate Private Key And Certificate
Dec 03, 2011 You can use the following single step command if this is what you need and you should be good to go requesting the certificate from the Certificate Authority (or your SSL vendor) or jump to the self-generated certificate step further below otherwise. Generate a private key without passphrase + CSR. How to Generate SSH Public/Private Keys on Windows By Alexandru Andrei – Posted on Sep 17, 2019 Sep 17, 2019 in Windows If you ever managed a Linux server from Windows, you probably used PuTTY or at least heard about it. Jul 09, 2019 Can I generate a new Private Key for my Certificate if I lose the old one? Normally, the CSR/RSA Private Key pairs on Linux-based operating systems are generated using the OpenSSL cryptographic engine, and saved as files with “.key” or “.pem” extensions on the server.
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With a secure shell (SSH) key pair, you can create virtual machines (VMs) in Azure that use SSH keys for authentication, eliminating the need for passwords to sign in. This article shows you how to quickly generate and use an SSH public-private key file pair for Linux VMs. You can complete these steps with the Azure Cloud Shell, a macOS or Linux host, the Windows Subsystem for Linux, and other tools that support OpenSSH.
Note
VMs created using SSH keys are by default configured with passwords disabled, which greatly increases the difficulty of brute-force guessing attacks.
For more background and examples, see Detailed steps to create SSH key pairs.
For additional ways to generate and use SSH keys on a Windows computer, see How to use SSH keys with Windows on Azure.
Supported SSH key formats
Azure currently supports SSH protocol 2 (SSH-2) RSA public-private key pairs with a minimum length of 2048 bits. Other key formats such as ED25519 and ECDSA are not supported.
Create an SSH key pair
Use the
ssh-keygen command to generate SSH public and private key files. By default, these files are created in the ~/.ssh directory. You can specify a different location, and an optional password (passphrase) to access the private key file. If an SSH key pair with the same name exists in the given location, those files are overwritten.
The following command creates an SSH key pair using RSA encryption and a bit length of 4096:
If you use the Azure CLI to create your VM with the az vm create command, you can optionally generate SSH public and private key files using the
--generate-ssh-keys option. The key files are stored in the ~/.ssh directory unless specified otherwise with the --ssh-dest-key-path option. The --generate-ssh-keys option will not overwrite existing key files, instead returning an error. In the following command, replace VMname and RGname with your own values:
Provide an SSH public key when deploying a VM
To create a Linux VM that uses SSH keys for authentication, specify your SSH public key when creating the VM using the Azure portal, Azure CLI, Azure Resource Manager templates, or other methods:
If you're not familiar with the format of an SSH public key, you can display your public key with the following
cat command, replacing ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub with the path and filename of your own public key file if needed:
A typical public key value looks like this example:
If you copy and paste the contents of the public key file to use in the Azure portal or a Resource Manager template, make sure you don't copy any trailing whitespace. To copy a public key in macOS, you can pipe the public key file to
pbcopy . Similarly in Linux, you can pipe the public key file to programs such as xclip .
The public key that you place on your Linux VM in Azure is by default stored in ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub, unless you specified a different location when you created the key pair. To use the Azure CLI 2.0 to create your VM with an existing public key, specify the value and optionally the location of this public key using the az vm create command with the
--ssh-key-values option. In the following command, replace VMname, RGname, and keyFile with your own values:
If you want to use multiple SSH keys with your VM, you can enter them in a space-separated list, like this
--ssh-key-values sshkey-desktop.pub sshkey-laptop.pub .
SSH into your VM
With the public key deployed on your Azure VM, and the private key on your local system, SSH into your VM using the IP address or DNS name of your VM. In the following command, replace azureuser and myvm.westus.cloudapp.azure.com with the administrator user name and the fully qualified domain name (or IP address):
If you specified a passphrase when you created your key pair, enter that passphrase when prompted during the login process. The VM is added to your ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and you won't be asked to connect again until either the public key on your Azure VM changes or the server name is removed from ~/.ssh/known_hosts.
If the VM is using the just-in-time access policy, you need to request access before you can connect to the VM. For more information about the just-in-time policy, see Manage virtual machine access using the just in time policy.
Next steps
Introduction
This document describes the procedure to generate certificates which have to be uploaded with every fresh installation of AMP Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). With the introduction of AMP Private Cloud 3.X, hostnames and certificate/key pairs are required for all of the following services:
Here, we will discuss a quick way to generate and upload the required certificates. You may tweak each of the parameters, including the hashing algorithm, key size, and others, as per your organization's policy, and your mechanism of generating these certificates might not match with what is detailed here.
PrerequisitesComponents Used
Cisco recommends that you have knowledge of these topics:
Requirements
The information in this document is based on these software and hardware versions:
Private Key Definition
Warning: The procedure mentioned below can vary as per your CA server configuration. It is expected that the CA server of your choice is already provisioned and the configuration of the same has been completed. The following technote just describes an example of generating the certificates and Cisco TAC will not be involved in troubleshooting issues related to certificate generation and/or CA server issues of any kind.
Generate Certificates on Window Server
Ensure that the following roles are installed and configured on your Windows Server.
Linux Generate Private Key And Certificate OnlineGenerate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR)
Step 1. Navigate to MMC console, and add the Certificates snap-in for your computer account as shown in the image here.
Step 2. Drill down Certificates (Local Computer) > Personal > Certificates.
Step 3. Right click on the empty space and select All Tasks > Advanced Operations > Create Custom Request
Step 4. Click Next at the Enrollment window.
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Step 5. Select your certificate enrollment policy and click Next.
Step 6. Choose the template as Web Server and click Next.
Step 7. If your 'Web Server' template has been configured correctly and is available for enrollment, you will see the status as 'Available' here. Click 'Details' to expand click on Properties.
Step 8. At a minimum, add the CN and DNS attributes. The rest of the attributes can be added as per your security requirements.
Step 9. Optionally, give a Friendly Name under the General tab.
Step 10. Click on the PrivateKey tab and ensure that you're enabling Make private key exportable under the Key Options section.
Step 11. Finally, click on OK. This should lead you to the Certificate Enrollment dialog from where you can click on Next.
Step 12. Browse to a location to save the .req file which will be submitted to the CA server for signing.
Submitting the CSR to the CA and generating the certificate
Step 1. Navigate to your MS AD Certificate Services Web Page as below and click 'Request a Certificate'
Private Key Bitcoin
Step 2. Click on the advanced certificate request link.
Step 3. Click on Submit a certificate request by using a base-64-encoded CMC or PKCS #10 file, or submit a renewal request by using a base-64-encoded PKCS #7 file.
Step 4. Open the contents of the previously saved .req file (CSR) via Notepad. Copy the contents and paste it here. Ensure that the Certificate Template is selected as Web Server
Step 5. Finally, click on Submit.
Step 6. At this point, you should be able to Download the certificate as shown in the image here.
Exporting the Private Key and converting to PEM format
Step 1. Install the certificate into your Certificate Store by opening the .cer file and clicking on Install Certificate.
Step 2. Navigate to the MMC snap-in that was selected earlier.
Step 3. Navigate to the store where the certificate was installed.
Step 4. Right click the correct certificate, select All Tasks > Export.
Step 5. At the Certificate Export Wizard, confirm to export the private key as shown in the image.
Step 6. Enter a password and click Next to save the private key on your disk.
Step 7. This will save the private key in .PFX format, however, this needs to be converted to .PEM format to use this with AMP VPC.
Step 8. Install OpenSSL libraries from here:https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/Binaries
Step 9. Open a command prompt window and change to the directory where you installed OpenSSL.
Step 10. Run the following command to extract the private key and save it to a new file: (If your PFX file is not in the same path as where the OpenSSL library is stored, you will have to specify the exact path along with the filename)
Step 11. Now run the following command to also extract the public cert and save it to a new file:
Generate Certificate on Linux Server
Ensure that the Linux server that you're trying to generate the required certificates has the OpenSSL libraries installed. Verifying if this and the procedure listed below will vary from the Linux distribution that you're running. This portion has been documented, as done on a CentOS 7 server.
Generate Self Signed RootCA
Step 1. Generate the Private Key for Root CA certificate
Step 2. Generate the CA certificate
Generate a certificate for each service
Create the certificate for Authentication, Console, Disposition, Disposition-Extended, Update server, Firepower Management Center(FMC) service as per the DNS name entry. You need to repeat below certificate generate process for each service (Authentication, Console etc.)
Generate Private key
Replace the <example.key> with actual certificate key such as Auth-Cert.key.
Generate CSR
Replace the <example.csr> with actual certificate CSR such as Auth-Cert.csr
Generate Certificate
Replace <example.csr>, <example.crt> with actual certificate CSR and certificate name
Adding The Certificates to AMP VPC
Step 1. Once the certificates are generated from any of the above methods, upload the corresponding certificate for each of the services. If they have been generated correctly, all the check marks are enabled as seen in the image here.
Verify
There is currently no verification procedure available for this configuration.
Troubleshoot
There is currently no specific troubleshooting information available for this configuration.
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